Copper Studies & Independent Testing Behind enVy® COPPER Technology
Our COPPER technology used in enVy® sleep products is supported by independent laboratory testing as well as peer-reviewed scientific research on copper-infused textiles.
Our Approach to Scientific Research and COPPER Technology:
Our enVy COPPER technology was developed and refined through a combination of independent laboratory testing, clinical experience, and ongoing review of peer-reviewed scientific research on copper-infused textiles.
As nurse founders focused on safe, effective sleep solutions, we prioritize:
● Reviewing credible scientific literature related to antimicrobial copper applications
● Conducting independent third-party testing on our own fabrics
● Applying research findings responsibly within real-world sleep environments
This page brings together both proprietary testing performed on enVy materials and relevant peer-reviewed research to help provide transparency into the science supporting copper-infused sleep surfaces.
Independent laboratory reports and study summaries are provided below to help readers understand key findings and how copper-infused textiles are evaluated under controlled testing conditions.
Independent Laboratory Testing of enVy COPPER Technology
Antimicrobial Testing (E. Coli) of enVy® COPPER Fabrics — University of Waterloo (AATCC TM100)
Testing organization: University of Waterloo
Testing method: AATCC TM100 antimicrobial textile standard
Independent testing evaluated enVy® COPPER-infused fabrics for antimicrobial performance against E.Coli.
Results demonstrated greater than 99% reduction of tested organisms under laboratory conditions, including E. coli , with maintained performance after laundering cycles.
Antimicrobial Testing of enVy COPPER-Infused Fabrics (University of Waterloo — AATCC TM100 Method)
Antimicrobial Textile Analysis (Klebsiella pneumoniae) — Groupe CTT Group Study
Testing organization: Groupe CTT Group (Textile Testing Laboratory)
Testing method: AATCC TM100 antimicrobial testing protocol
Independent analysis evaluated enVy® COPPER-infused pillowcase fabrics for antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae following laundering cycles.
Results demonstrated significant microbial reduction of Klebsiella pneumoniae under laboratory conditions, supporting durable copper integration within the textile structure.
Antimicrobial Textile Analysis — Groupe CTT Group Study
Anti-Microbial Testing of MRSA & Klebsiella pneumoniae on enVy® COPPER Fabrics
Testing organization: Independent third-party laboratory Manufacturing Solutions Center
Testing method: Antimicrobial textile performance evaluation following standardized laboratory protocols
Independent testing evaluated enVy® COPPER-infused pillowcase fabrics for antimicrobial performance against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Results demonstrated significant microbial reduction of MRSA and Klebsiella under laboratory conditions, with antimicrobial activity maintained after repeated laundering.
Anti-Microbial Testing of MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus) & Klebsiella pneumoniae: enVy™ COPPER infused fabrics after 100 washes
Peer-Reviewed Research on Copper-Infused Textiles
How to Interpret Copper Textile Research
Scientific studies examining copper-infused textiles are typically conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate antimicrobial activity and material performance. While study methods and results may vary, consistent findings across peer-reviewed literature demonstrate copper’s ability to inhibit microbial growth on treated surfaces.
The research below represents selected peer-reviewed studies exploring the properties of copper-infused materials and their potential applications in healthcare, textiles, and skin-contact environments.
Drastic Reduction of Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Pathogens by Cuprous Oxide impregnated medical textiles: Journal of Functional Biomaterials
“Hospital patients and personnel are at risk of nosocomial viral infections, as clearly manifested during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transmission of respiratory viral pathogens can occur through
Gadi Borkow 1, Rachel Salvatori 2 and Vikram K. Kanmukhla 3
Improvement of facial skin characteristics using copper oxide containing pillowcases
We hypothesized that sleeping on fabrics containing copper‐impregnated fibres would have a positive cosmetic effect on the skin.
G Borkow, J Gabbay, A Lyakhovitsky, M Huszar 20 MAY 2009
Putting copper into action: copper-impregnated products with potent biocidal activities
Introducing copper into many different types of products would provide them with biocidal qualities. Here we demonstrate the broad-spectrum anti-bacterial, anti-viral,
GADI BORKOW1 and JEFFREY GABBAY The FASEB journal, 2004
Copper, An Ancient Remedy Returning to Fight Microbial, Fungal and Viral Infections
Copper has potent biocidal properties. Copper ions, either alone or in copper complexes, have been used for centuries to disinfect liquids, solids and human tissue…
Borkow, Gadi; Gabbay, Jeffrey 2009
Molecular Mechanisms of Enhanced Wound Healing by Copper Oxide-Impregnated Dressings
Copper plays a key role in angiogenesis and in the synthesis and stabilization of extracellular matrix skin proteins, which are critical processes of skin formation.
G Borkow, J Gabbay, R Dardik, AI Eidelman, Y Lavie… –2010
Copper oxide-impregnated fabrics for the control of house Dust mites…
Copper oxide (CuO) has broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties…The aim of this study was to test the acaricidal efficacy of CuO-impregnated fabrics on
KY Mumcuoglu, J Gabbay, G Borkow– 27 Jun 2008
Neutralizing Viruses in Suspensions by Copper Oxide …
We report the capacity of copper oxide-containing filters to reduce infectious titers of a panel of viruses spiked into culture media. Enveloped, nonenveloped, RNA, and DNA
Gadi Borkow, Robert W. Sidwell, Donald F. Sme3, Dale L. Barnard, John D. Morre3, Humberto H. Lara-Villegas, Yonat Shemer-Avni and Jeffrey Gabbay– 2007
Coronavirus 229E remains infectious on common surfaces… but not COPPER!
Respiratory viruses are responsible for more deaths globally than any other infectious agent…
Sarah L. Warnes, Zoë R. Little, C. William Keevil Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
A Novel Anti-Influenza Copper Containing Respiratory Face Mask…
Protective respiratory face masks protect the nose and mouth of the wearer from vapor drops carrying viruses or other infectious pathogens. However, incorrect use and
Gadi Borkow , Steve S. Zhou, Tom Page, Jeffrey Gabbay June 25, 2010
Copper-coated face masks could help slow transmission of COVID-19: U of T researchers
“If we can harness the anti-microbial properties of copper to improve the effectiveness of reusable face masks we can significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19…
Lynsey Mellon, Researchers at U of T's Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, Toronto, Canada
How This Research Applies to enVy® COPPER Sleep Products
Scientific testing helps researchers understand how copper-infused textiles perform under controlled laboratory conditions. enVy applies these findings within Canadian-engineered sleep products designed for prolonged skin contact and nightly use.
Our COPPER technology is integrated into select pillowcases, sleep accessories, and ergonomic sleep products to help support cleaner, fresher sleep surfaces while maintaining comfort and durability.